HOME             BUY NOW              RELATED TITLES             CONTRIBUTORS             TABLE OF CONTENTS             HELP              Editors and Contributors Editors Meir H. Kryger, MD, FRCPC Professor of Medicine, University of Manitoba Faculty of Medicine; Director, Sleep Disorders Center, St. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Overview; Restrictive Lung Disorders; Monitoring Techniques for Evaluating Suspected Sleep-Disordered Breathing   Thomas Roth, PhD Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit; Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Division Head, Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan Daytime Sleepiness and Alertness; Pharmacologic Treatment of Primary Insomnia   William C. Dement, MD, PhD Lowell W. and Josephine Q. Berry Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Director, Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California History of Sleep Physiology and Medicine; Normal Human Sleep: An Overview; Daytime Sleepiness and Alertness; Sleep Medicine, Public Policy, and Public Health   Section Editors Ruth M. Benca, MD, PhD Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin Mood Disorders; Sleep and Eating Disorders   Charles F. P. George, MD, FRCPC, FCCP, DABSM Professor of Medicine and Chair, Division of Respirology, University of Western Ontario Faculty of Medicine; Medical Director, Sleep Medicine Clinic and Laboratory, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada Neuromuscular Disease; Cognition and Performance in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea   J. Christian Gillin, MD (deceased) Formerly at University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California Medication and Substance Abuse   Max Hirshkowitz, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; Director, Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Clinical Director, Methodist Hospital Diagnostic Sleep Laboratory, VAMC Sleep Center, Houston, Texas Monitoring Techniques for Evaluating Suspected Sleep-Disordered Breathing; Assessment of Sleep-Related Erections; Evaluating Sleepiness   Shahrokh Javaheri, MD Professor Emeritus, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio; Medical Director, Sleepcare Diagnostics, Inc., Mason, OH Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease: Present and Future; Cardiovascular Effects of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders; Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension in Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Heart Failure   Kathryn A. Lee, PhD, RN Professor of Nursing, Department of Family Health Care Nursing; James and Marjorie Livingston Endowed Chair in Nursing; and Director, Perinatal Nursing Clinical Specialist Program, University of California, San Francisco, School of Nursing, San Francisco, California Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period   Mark W. Mahowald, MD Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Director, Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota Epilepsy, Sleep, and Sleep Disorders; NREM Sleep-Arousal Parasomnias; REM Sleep Parasomnias; Other Parasomnias; Violent Parasomnias: Forensic Medicine Issues   Beth A. Malow, MD, MS Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Vanderbilt Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Nashville, Tennessee Approach to the Patient with Disordered Sleep; Neurologic Monitoring Techniques   Wallace B. Mendelson, MD Professor of Psychiatry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Hypnotic Medications: Mechanisms of Action and Pharmacologic Effects   Jacques Montplaisir, MD, PhD, CRCPc Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Director, Center for the Study of Sleep and Biological Rhythms, HÔpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias   John Orem, PhD Murray Professor of Physiology, Texas Tech University School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas Respiratory Physiology: Central Neural Control   Timothy Roehrs, PhD Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Director of Research, Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan Daytime Sleepiness and Alertness; Pharmacologic Treatment of Primary Insomnia   Mark H. Sanders, MD Professor of Medicine and Anesthesiology, Director of Research, Pulmonary Sleep Disorders Program, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Montefiore University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Medical Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome   Jerome M. Siegel, PhD Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Chief, Neurobiology Research, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System-Sepulveda, North Hills, California Mammalian Sleep; REM Sleep   Robert Stickgold, PhD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Massachusetts Introduction to Dreams and Their Pathology; Why We Dream   Fred W. Turek, PhD Professor, Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, and Director, Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Evanston, Illinois Master Circadian Clock, Master Circadian Rhythm; Physiology of the Mammalian Circadian System; Molecular Genetic Basis for Mammalian Circadian Rhythms; Melatonin in the Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms; Introduction: Disorders of Chronobiology     Contributors Peter Achermann, PhD Senior Research Associate, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulation   Richard P. Allen, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, and Research Associate, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep   Sonia Ancoli-Israel, PhD Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; Director, Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California Sleep and Fatigue in Cancer Patients; Actigraphy   Josephine Arendt, BSc, PhD, FRCPath Professor of Endocrinology (Emeritus), University of Surrey School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Centre for Chronobiology, Neuroendocrinology Section, Guildford, United Kingdom Sleep Disruption in Jet Lag and Other Circadian Rhythm-Related Disorders   Roseanne Armitage, BSc, MA, PhD Professor of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School; Director, Sleep and Chronophysiology Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Michigan The Menstrual Cycle and Circadian Rhythms   Charles W. Atwood, Jr., MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Director, Sleep Disorders Program, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System; Associate Director, UPMC Sleep Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Medical Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome   Fiona C. Baker, PhD Post-Doctoral Researcher, Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Brain Function Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa The Menstrual Cycle and Circadian Rhythms   Claudio Bassetti, MD Professor of Neurology, University of Zurich School of Medicine; Vice-Chairman, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Idiopathic Hypersomnia; Sleep and Stroke   Ali Bassiri, MD Clinical Instructor, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Sleep and Pulmonary Medicine Consultant, Stanford University Medical Center, San Jose, California Clinical Features and Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and the Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome   Maurice D. Baynard, MS Predoctoral Fellow in Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chronic Sleep Deprivation   Brock A. Beamer, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Medical Staff, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Dysfunction   Kathleen L. Benson, PhD (retired) Barnstable, Massachusetts; Formerly, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Director, Sleep Disorders Program, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California Schizophrenia   Donald L. Bliwise, PhD Professor of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine; Director, Program in Sleep, Aging and Chronobiology, Wesley Woods Geriatric Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia Normal Aging   Bradley F. Boeve, MD Associate Professor of Neurology, Mayo College of Medicine; Consultant, Department of Neurology and Mayo Sleep Disorders Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias   Michael H. Bonnet, PhD Professor, Department of Neurology, Wright State University School of Medicine; Director, Sleep Laboratory, Dayton Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio Acute Sleep Deprivation   Alexander A. Borbély, MD Professor of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulation   Orfeu M. Buxton, PhD Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Neuroscientist, Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep-Wake Regulation   Christian Cajochen, PhD Professor (SNF), University of Basel Faculty of Medicine; Psychiatric University Clinic, Basel, Switzerland Melatonin in the Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms   Mary A. Carskadon, PhD Professor, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School; Director of Sleep and Chronobiology Research, Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, Rhode Island Normal Human Sleep: An Overview; Daytime Sleepiness and Alertness; Monitoring and Staging Human Sleep; Evaluating Sleepiness   Rosalind Cartwright, PhD Professor, Rush University Medical College; Affiliated Scientist, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois Dreaming as a Mood Regulation System   Michael H. Chase, PhD Professor Emeritus, Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles; President/Senior Researcher, WebSciences International, Los Angeles, California Control of Motoneurons during Sleep   Chien Lin Chen, MD Lecturer, Department of Medicine, Tzu Chi University School of Medicine; Director, Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory, and Attending Physician, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan Gastrointestinal Monitoring Techniques   Ronald D. Chervin, MD, MS Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School; Director, Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan Use of Clinical Tools and Tests in Sleep Medicine   Camellia P. Clark, MD Assistant Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine La Jolla, California; Associate Physician, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California Medication and Substance Abuse   Michel A. Cramer Bornemann, MD Staff Physician, Department of Neurology, Department of Pulmonary & Critical Medicine, Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Clinical Scholar Instructor, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine NREM Sleep-Arousal Parasomnias   Antonio Culebras, MD Professor, Department of Neurology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York at Syracuse; Consultant, The Sleep Center, Community General Hospital, Syracuse, New York Other Neurological Disorders   Charles Andrew Czeisler, PhD, MD Frank Baldino Jr., PhD, Professor of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep-Wake Regulation; Melatonin in the Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms   O'Neill F. D'Cruz, MD Professor, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Cardinal Manifestations of Sleep Disorders   Derk-Jan Dijk, PhD Reader in Physiology, University of Surrey Faculty of Medicine; Director, Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Guildford, United Kingdom Interaction of Sleep Homeostasis and Circadian Rhythmicity: Dependent or Independent Systems?   Michael H. Bonnet, PhD Professor, Department of Neurology, University School of Medicine; Director, Dayton Department of Veterans Affairs Dayton, Ohio Acute Sleep Deprivation   Alexander A. Borbély, MD Professor of Pharmacology, Institute Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulation   Orfeu M. Buxton, PhD Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical Neuroscientist, Division of Sleep Medicine, of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Massachusetts The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep-   Daniel J. Buysse, MD Professor of Psychiatry, University of School of Medicine; Director, Clinical Research Center, and Medical Director, Chronobiology Program, UPMC Presbyterian/ Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Clinical Pharmacology of Other Drugs Used as   Christian Cajochen, PhD Professor (SNF), University of Basel Psychiatric University Clinic, Basel, Switzerland Melatonin in the Regulation of Sleep and Circadian   Mary A. Carskadon, PhD Professor, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Medical School; Director of Sleep and Research, Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Providence, Rhode Island Normal Human Sleep: An Overview; Daytime and Alertness; Monitoring and Staging Human Sleepiness   Rosalind Cartwright, PhD Professor, Rush University Medical College; Scientist, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois Dreaming as a Mood Regulation System   Michael H. Chase, PhD Professor Emeritus, Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles; Researcher, WebSciences International, California Control of Motoneurons during Sleep   Chien Lin Chen, MD Lecturer, Department of Medicine, Tzu School of Medicine; Director, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, and Attending Physician, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tzu Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan Gastrointestinal Monitoring Techniques   Ronald D. Chervin, MD, MS Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School; Director, Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan Use of Clinical Tools and Tests in Sleep Medicine   Camellia P. Clark, MD Assistant Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine La Jolla, California; Associate Physician, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California Medication and Substance Abuse   Michel A. Cramer Bornemann, MD Staff Physician, Department of Neurology, Department of Pulmonary & Critical Medicine, Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Clinical Scholar Instructor, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine NREM Sleep-Arousal Parasomnias   Antonio Culebras, MD Professor, Department of Neurology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York at Syracuse; Consultant, The Sleep Center, Community General Hospital, Syracuse, New York Other Neurological Disorders   Charles Andrew Czeisler, PhD, MD Frank Baldino Jr., PhD, Professor of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep-Wake Regulation; Melatonin in the Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms   O'Neill F. D'Cruz, MD Professor, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Cardinal Manifestations of Sleep Disorders   William C. Dement, MD, PhD Lowell W. and Josephine Q. Berry Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Director, Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California History of Sleep Physiology and Medicine; Normal Human Sleep: An Overview; Daytime Sleepiness and Alertness; Sleep Medicine, Public Policy, and Public Health   Derk-Jan Dijk, PhD Reader in Physiology, University of Surrey Faculty of Medicine; Director, Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Guildford, United Kingdom Interaction of Sleep Homeostasis and Circadian Rhythmicity: Dependent or Independent Systems?   David F. Dinges, PhD Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Chief, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, and Associate Director, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chronic Sleep Deprivation; Circadian Rhythms in Sleepiness, Alertness, and Performance; Sleep Medicine, Public Policy, and Public Health   G. William Domhoff, PhD Research Professor in Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California The Content of Dreams: Methodologic and Theoretical Implications   Neil J. Douglas, MD, DSc, FRCP, FRCPE Professor of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, University of Edinburgh; Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Respiratory Physiology: Control of Ventilation; Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease   Sean P. A. Drummond, PhD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California Medication and Substance Abuse   Christine Dugovic, PhD Research Associate Professor, Northwestern University; Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Evanston, Illinois Master Circadian Clock, Master Circadian Rhythm   Jack D. Edinger, PhD Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine; Senior Psychologist, VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Overview of Insomnia: Definitions, Epidemiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Assessment   Luigi Ferini-Strambi, MD Associate Professor of Psychology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Director, Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep   Kathleen A. Ferguson, BSc, MD, FRCP Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Western Ontario Faculty of Medicine; London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada Oral Appliances for Sleep-Disordered Breathing   Paul Franken, PhD Senior Research Scientist, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California Interaction of Sleep Homeostasis and Circadian Rhythmicity: Dependent or Independent Systems?   Karl A. Franklin, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, UmeÃ¥ University Faculty of Medicine; Consultant Physician, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, UmeÃ¥, Sweden Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea   Carlo Franzini, MD Professor of Human Physiology, Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Generale, University of Bologna Faculty of Medicine, Bologna, Italy Cardiovascular Physiology: The Peripheral Circulation   Scott Fromherz, MD Fellow in Sleep Medicine, Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic, Stanford, California Narcolepsy: Diagnosis and Management   Paul B. Glovinsky, PhD Adjunct Professor, Doctoral Program in Experimental Cognition, City University of New York, New York, NY; Clinical Director, Capital Region Sleep/Wake Disorders Center, Albany, New York Assessment Techniques for Insomnia   Joshua J. Gooley, BA Program in Neuroscience, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Anatomy of the Mammalian Circadian System   Ronald Grunstein, MB, BS, MD, PhD, FRACP Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine; Head, Sleep Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; Head, Centre for Respiratory Failure and Sleep Disorders, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome; Endocrine Disorders   Christian Guilleminault, MD, BiolD Professor, Sleep Medicine Program, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford University Sleep Disorders Clinic, Stanford, California Narcolepsy: Diagnosis and Management; Idiopathic Hypersomnia; Neuromuscular Disease; Clinical Features and Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and the Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome; Surgical Management of Sleep-Disordered Breathing   Ronald M. Harper, PhD Professor of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California Cardiovascular Physiology: Central and Autonomic Regulation   Jan Hedner, MD, PhD Professor of Sleep Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Faculty of Medicine; Pulmonary Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea   H. Craig Heller, PhD Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California Temperature, Thermoregulation, and Sleep   John H. Herman, PhD Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; Director, Sleep Disorders Center for Children, Children's Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas Chronobiologic Monitoring Techniques   J. Allan Hobson, MD Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts Cardiovascular Physiology: Central and Autonomic Regulation   Victor Hoffstein, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Staff Respirologist, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Snoring and Upper Airway Resistance   Christer Hublin, MD, PhD Associate Professor (Docent), Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki School of Medicine; Senior Researcher, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders   Barbara E. Jones, PhD Professor, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Faculty of Medicine; Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Basic Mechanisms of Sleep-Wake States   Mark E. Josephson, MD Herman C. Dana Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Cardiovascular Division, and Director, Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute and Arrhythmia Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Cardiac Arrythmogenesis during Sleep: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapy   Takafumi Kato, DDS, PhD Assistant Professor, Institute for Oral Science, Division of Maxillofacial Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan Sleep Bruxism   Sat Bir Singh Khalsa, PhD Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Neuroscientist, Sleep Disorders Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep-Wake Regulation   Jean Krieger, MD, PhD Professor, University Louis Pasteur Faculty of Medicine; Department Head, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux et de Pathologie du Sommeil, Clinique Neurologique, University of Strasburg Hospitals, Strasburg, France Respiratory Physiology: Breathing in Normal Subjects   James M. Krueger, PhD Professor, Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington Host Defense   Leszek Kubin, PhD Research Professor of Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Respiratory Physiology: Central Neural Control   Samuel T. Kuna, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Section, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Anatomy and Physiology of Upper Airway Obstruction   Aaron D. Laposky, PhD Research Assistant Professor, Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University; Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Evanston, Illinois Master Circadian Clock, Master Circadian Rhythm   Gilles J. Lavigne, DMD, MSc, PhD, FRCD Professor, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Researcher and Clinician, HÔpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Sleep Bruxism; Pain and Sleep   Patrick Leger, MD Fédération des Pathologies du Sommeil et Institut de Myologie, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France Noninvasive Ventilation for Chronic Respiratory Failure   Kenneth L. Lichstein, PhD Professor and Chair, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Secondary Insomnias   Alan A. Lowe, DMD, PhD, FRCD(C), FCDS(BC) Professor and Chair, Division of Orthodontics, University of British Columbia Faculty of Dentistry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Oral Appliances for Sleep-Disordered Breathing   James G. MacFarlane, BSc, PhD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Lab Director, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Toronto, Ontario Canada Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes   Jeannine A. Majde, PhD Adjunct Professor, Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington Host Defense   Christiane Manzini Research Assistant, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Center for the Study of Sleep and Biological Rhythms, HÔpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Sleep Bruxism   Christina S. McCrae, PhD Assistant Professor, Center for Gerontological Studies/Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Secondary Insomnias   Dennis McGinty, PhD Adjunct Professor, Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles; Chief of Neurophysiology Research, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California Sleep-Promoting Mechanisms in Mammals   Diana McMillan, RN, PhD Assistant Professor, University of Manitoba Faculty of Nursing, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Pain and Sleep   Melanie K. Means, PhD Staff Psychologist,VA Medical Center, Research Associate, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Overview of Insomnia: Definitions, Epidemiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Assessment   Thomas A. Mellman, MD Professor and Vice Chair for Research, Department of Psychiatry, Howard University, Washington, DC Dreams and Nightmares in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Anxiety Disorders   Emmanuel Mignot, MD, PhD Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Director, Stanford Center for Narcolepsy, Palo Alto, California Wake-Promoting Medications: Basic Mechanisms and Pharmacology; Narcolepsy: Pharmacology, Pathophysiology, and Genetics   Ralph Mistlberger, PhD Professor, Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada Circadian Rhythms in Mammals: Formal Properties and Environmental Influences   Merrill M. Mitler, MA, PhD Program Director, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Wake-Promoting Medications: Efficacy and Adverse Effects; Evaluating Sleepiness   Murray A. Mittleman, MD, DrPH Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University; Director, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Sleep-Related Cardiac Risk   Karen E. Moe, PhD Research Associate Professor, Departmernt of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington Menopause   Harvey Moldofsky, MD, Dipl Psych, FRCP(C) Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; President and Medical Director, Sleep Disorders Clinic, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes   Timothy H. Monk, PhD, DSc Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Director, Human Chronobiology Research Program, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Shift Work: Basic Principles   Polly Moore, PhD, RPsgT Visiting Instructor, Psychology Department, University of San Diego; Research Associate, Scripps Clinic Sleep Center, La Jolla, California Medication and Substance Abuse   Francisco R. Morales, MD Chairman, Department of Physiology, University of Montevideo Faculty of Medicine, Montevideo, Uruguay; Researcher, Websciences International, Los Angeles, California Control of Motoneurons during Sleep   Charles M. Morin, PhD Professor of Psychology, Laval University School of Psychology; Centre d'Etude des Troubles du Sommeil, Centre de Recherche Université Laval/Robert-Giffard, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Primary Insomnia   Douglas E. Moul, MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Sleep and Chronobiology Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Clinical Pharmacology of Other Drugs Used as Hypnotics   Sidney D. Nau, PhD Research Scientist, Sleep Research Project, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Secondary Insomnias   Tore A. Nielsen, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Research Professor, Sleep Study Center, HÔpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Chronobiology of Dreaming; Nightmares and Other Common Dream Disturbances; Disturbed Dreaming in Medical Conditions   Seiji Nishino, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Associate Director, Center for Narcolepsy, Stanford, California Wake-Promoting Medications: Basic Mechanisms and Pharmacology   Mary B. O'Malley, MD, PhD Clinical Instructor, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Program Director, Sleep Medicine Fellowship, Sleep Disorders Center, Norwalk Hospital, Norwalk, Connecticut Wake-Promoting Medications: Efficacy and Adverse Effects   William C. Orr, PhD Clinical Professor of Medicine, Oklahoma University School of Medicine; President and CEO, Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Gastrointestinal Physiology; Gastrointestinal Disorders; Gastrointestinal Monitoring Techniques   Edward F. Pace-Schott, MS, MA, LMHC Instructor, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Center for Sleep and Cognition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts The Neurobiology of Dreaming   Pier Luigi Parmeggiani, MD Emeritus Professor of Physiology, Department of Human and General Physiology, University of Bologna Faculty of Medicine, Bologna, Italy Physiologic Regulation in Sleep   Barbara L. Parry, MD Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; Director, Women's Mood Disorders Clinic, La Jolla, California The Menstrual Cycle and Circadian Rhythms   Markku Partinen, MD, PhD Associate Professor (Docent), Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine; Chief Physician and Director, Skogby Sleep Clinic, Rinnekoti Research Center, Espoo, Finland Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders   Yüksel Peker, MD, PhD Consultant Internist and Pulmonologist, Sleep Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Skaraborg County Hospital, Lidköping, Sweden Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea   Rafael Pelayo, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic, Stanford, California Idiopathic Hypersomnia   Michael L. Perlis, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester; Faculty, Neurosciences Program; Director, Sleep and Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, and Director, University of Rochester Behavioral Sleep Medicine Service, Rochester, New York Etiology and Pathophysiology of Insomnia   Dominique Petit, PhD Research Assistant, Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine; Senior Research Assistant, Center for the Study of Sleep and Biological Rhythms, HÔpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias   Barbara Phillips, MD, MSPH Professor of Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine; University of Kentucky Hospital, Samaritan Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Overview   Wilfred R. Pigeon, PhD Senior Instructor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Research Fellow, University of Rochester Sleep Research and Neurophysiology Laboratory, Rochester, New York Dreams and Nightmares in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Etiology and Pathophysiology of Insomnia    Lawrence H. Pinto, PhD Professor of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, and Associate Director, Center for Functional Genomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Molecular Genetic Basis for Mammalian Circadian Rhythms   Nelson B. Powell, DDS, MD Adjunct Clinical Professor of Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Adjunct Clinical Professor of Sleep Disorders Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford University Sleep and Research Center, Stanford, California Surgical Management of Sleep-Disordered Breathing   Naresh M. Punjabi, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Medical Staff, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Dysfunction   Allan Rechtschaffen, PhD Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Monitoring and Staging Human Sleep   Susan Redline, MD, MPH Professor of Pediatrics, Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Chief, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio Genetics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea   Kathryn J. Reid, PhD Research Assistant Professor, Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Circadian Disorders of the Sleep-Wake Cycle   John E. Remmers, MD Professor of Internal Medicine and of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine; Physician, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Anatomy and Physiology of Upper Airway Obstruction   Robert W. Riley, DDS, MD Adjunct Clinical Professor of Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, and Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor of Sleep Disorders Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford University Sleep and Research Center, Stanford, California Surgical Management of Sleep-Disordered Breathing   Dominique Robert, MD Professor of Medicine, University Claude Bernard Faculty of Medicine; Chief, Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France Noninvasive Ventilation for Chronic Respiratory Failure   Naomi L. Rogers, PhD Senior Research Fellow, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Chronic Sleep Deprivation   Mark R. Rosekind, PhD President and Chief Scientist, Alertness Solutions, Cupertino, California Managing Work Schedules: An Alertness and Safety Perspective   Alan M. Rosenwasser, PhD Professor of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine Physiology of the Mammalian Circadian System   Benjamin Rusak, PhD University Research Professor and Director of Research, Department of Psychiatry, and Professor of Psychology and Pharmacology, Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine; Director, Chronobiology and Sleep Program, Capital District Health Authority, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Circadian Rhythms in Mammals: Formal Properties and Environmental Influences    Clifford B. Saper, MD, PhD James Jackson Putnam Professor of Neurology and Neurosciences and Chairman, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School; Chairman, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Anatomy of the Mammalian Circadian System   Frank A. Scheer, PhD Research Fellow, Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Melatonin in the Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms   Carlos H. Schenk, MD Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School; Senior Staff Psychiatrist, Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota REM Sleep Parasomnias; Violent Parasomnias: Forensic Medicine Issues; Sleep and Eating Disorders   Markus H. Schmidt, MD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus; Director of Research, Ohio Sleep Medicine and Neuroscience Institute, Dublin, Ohio Neural Mechanisms of Sleep-Related Penile Erections   Richard J. Schwab, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Co-Medical Director, Penn Sleep Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Anatomy and Physiology of Upper Airway Obstruction   Paula K. Schweitzer, PhD Associate Director, Sleep Medicine and Research Center, Chesterfield, Missouri Clinical Pharmacology of Other Drugs Used as Hypnotics; Drugs That Disturb Sleep and Wakefulness   Margaret N. Shouse, PhD Professor IV, Department of Neurobiology, UCLA School of Medicine; Chief, Sleep Disturbance Research, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California Epilepsy, Sleep, and Sleep Disorders   Debra J. Skene, BPharm, MSc, PhD Professor of Neuroendocrinology, University of Surrey School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Centre for Chronobiology, Neuroendocrinology Section, Guildford, United Kingdom Sleep Disruption in Jet Lag and Other Circadian Rhythm-Related Disorders    Michael T. Smith, PhD Assistant Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Clinical Psychologist, Behavioral Medicine Research Laboratory and Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland Etiology and Pathophysiology of Insomnia   Virend K. Somers, MD, D Phil Professor of Medicine, Mayo Medical School; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Cardiovascular Effects of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders   Arthur J. Spielman, PhD Professor, Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York; Adjunct Clinical Professor of Psychology in Neuroscience, Weill Medical College, Cornell University; Associate Director, Center for Sleep Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Associate Director, Center for Sleep Disorders Medicine and Research, New York Methodist Hospital, New York, New York Assessment Techniques for Insomnia   Murray B. Stein, MD, MPH, FRCPC Professor of Psychiatry and Director, Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders Research and Education Program, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; Chief, Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders Programs, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California Anxiety Disorders   Mircea Steriade, MD, DSc Professor of Neuroscience, Laval University Faculty of Medicine; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Quebec, Canada Brain Electrical Activity and Sensory Processing during Waking and Sleep States   Barbara Stone, BSc, PhD Principal Consultant, QinetiQ Centre for Human Sciences, Farnborough, United Kingdom Sleep Disruption in Jet Lag and Other Circadian Rhythm-Related Disorders   Kristen C. Stone, BA Clinical Psychology Graduate Student, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Secondary Insomnias   Patrick J. Strollo, Jr., MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Medical Director, UPMC Sleep Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Medical Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome   Ronald Szymusiak, PhD Adjunct Professor, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Research Scientist, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California Sleep-Promoting Mechanisms in Mammals   Jiuan Su Terman, PhD Research Scientist, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York Light Therapy   Michael Terman, PhD Professor of Clinical Psychology in Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Director, Clinical Chronobiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York Light Therapy   Michael J. Thorpy, MD Associate Professor of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx; Director, Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Scarsdale, New York Classification of Sleep Disorders   Irene Tobler, PhD Professor, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Phylogeny of Sleep Regulation; Mammalian Sleep   Claudia Trenkwalder, MD Professor of Neurology, University of Göttingen School of Medicine, Göttingen; Medical Director, Paracelsus Elena Klinik, Special Hospital for Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders, Kassel, Germany Parkinsonism   Eve Van Cauter, PhD Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Endocrine Physiology   Hans P. A. Van Dongen, MS, PhD Research Associate Professor of Sleep and Chronobiology in Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Circadian Rhythms in Sleepiness, Alertness, and Performance   Bradley V. Vaughn, MD Associate Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Cardinal Manifestations of Sleep Disorders    Richard L. Verrier, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Cardiovascular Physiology: Central and Autonomic Regulation; Sleep-Related Cardiac Risk; Cardiac Arrythmogenesis during Sleep: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapy   Martha Hotz Vitaterna, PhD Research Assistant Professor, Center for Functional Genomics, Northwestern University Center for Functional Genomics, Evanston, Illinois Molecular Genetic Basis for Mammalian Circadian Rhythms   James K. Walsh, PhD Adjunct Professor, Department of Psychology, and Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University; Executive Director and Senior Scientist, Sleep Medicine and Research Center, St. John's Mercy and St. Luke's Hospitals, Chesterfield, Missouri Sleep Medicine, Public Policy, and Public Health; Pharmacologic Treatment of Primary Insomnia   Arthur S. Walters, MD Professor, Department of Neuroscience, Seton Hall University School of Graduate Medical Education, South Orange; Clinical Professor of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; New Jersey Neuroscience Institute at JFK Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep   J. Catesby Ware, PhD Professor, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Chief, Division of Sleep Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School; Director, Sleep Disorders Center, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Norfolk; Sentara Bayside Hospital, Virginia Beach, Virgina Assessment of Sleep-Related Erections   Terri E. Weaver, PhD, RN, CS, FAAN Associate Professor, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Cognition and Performance in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea   John V. Weil, MD Professor of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Colorado School of Medicine; CVP Research Lab, Denver, Colorado Respiratory Physiology: Sleep at High Altitudes    David P. White, MD Gerald E. McGinnis Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, Sleep Disorders Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Central Sleep Apnea   Amy R. Wolfson, PhD Associate Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, Worchester, Massachusetts Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period   Chien-Ming Yang, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan Assessment Techniques for Insomnia   Terry Young, MS, PhD Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension in Obstructive Sleep Apnea   Antonio Zadra, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Montreal; Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, HÔpital Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Nightmares and Other Common Dream Disturbances   Vincent P. Zarcone, Jr., MD Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Staff, Sleep Disorders Clinic, Los Altos, California Schizophrenia   Phyllis C. Zee, MD, PhD Professor of Neurology and of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Director, Sleep Disorders Center, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois Circadian Disorders of the Sleep-Wake Cycle   Harold Zepelin, PhD Professor, Clinical Medicine and Psychiatry, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio Mammalian Sleep   Marco Zucconi, MD Assistant Professor of Neurology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine; Vice-Chief, Sleep Disorders Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Hospital, Milan, Italy Pain and Sleep

Copyright © 2008 Elsevier. Read our Terms and Conditions of Use and our Privacy Policy. For problems or suggestions concerning this service, please contact: online.help@elsevier.com