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Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, Meir H. Kryger, MD, Thomas Roth, PhD and William C. Dement, MD, PhD

Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine: Expert Consult Enhanced Online Features and Print, 5th edition
By Meir H. Kryger, MD, Thomas Roth, PhD and William C. Dement, MD, PhD

KEY FEATURE

Make optimal use of the newest scientific discoveries and clinical approaches that are advancing the diagnosis and management of sleep disorders.

Editors and Contributors

Editors

Meir H. Kryger, MD, FRCPC
Professor of Medicine, University of Manitoba Faculty of
Medicine; Director, Sleep Disorders Center, St. Boniface
General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome:
Overview; Restrictive Lung Disorders; Monitoring Techniques for
Evaluating Suspected Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Thomas Roth, PhD
Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Wayne State
University School of Medicine, Detroit; Clinical Professor,
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical
School, Ann Arbor; Division Head, Sleep Disorders and
Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit,
Michigan
Daytime Sleepiness and Alertness; Pharmacologic Treatment
of Primary Insomnia

William C. Dement, MD, PhD
Lowell W. and Josephine Q. Berry Professor of
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Director,
Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Palo Alto,
California
History of Sleep Physiology and Medicine; Normal Human Sleep:
An Overview; Daytime Sleepiness and Alertness; Sleep Medicine,
Public Policy, and Public Health

Section Editors

Ruth M. Benca, MD, PhD
Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of
Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine, Madison,
Wisconsin
Mood Disorders; Sleep and Eating Disorders

Charles F. P. George, MD, FRCPC, FCCP, DABSM
Professor of Medicine and Chair, Division of Respirology,
University of Western Ontario Faculty of Medicine;
Medical Director, Sleep Medicine Clinic and Laboratory,
London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario,
Canada
Neuromuscular Disease; Cognition and Performance in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

J. Christian Gillin, MD (deceased)
Formerly at University of California, San Diego, School of
Medicine and VA San Diego Healthcare System,
San Diego, California
Medication and Substance Abuse

Max Hirshkowitz, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine;
Director, Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Michael E.
DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Clinical
Director, Methodist Hospital Diagnostic Sleep Laboratory,
VAMC Sleep Center, Houston, Texas
Monitoring Techniques for Evaluating Suspected Sleep-Disordered
Breathing; Assessment of Sleep-Related Erections;
Evaluating Sleepiness

Shahrokh Javaheri, MD
Professor Emeritus, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio;
Medical Director, Sleepcare Diagnostics, Inc., Mason, OH
Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease: Present and Future; Cardiovascular
Effects of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders; Systemic and Pulmonary
Hypertension in Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Heart Failure

Kathryn A. Lee, PhD, RN
Professor of Nursing, Department of Family Health Care
Nursing; James and Marjorie Livingston Endowed Chair
in Nursing; and Director, Perinatal Nursing Clinical
Specialist Program, University of California, San
Francisco, School of Nursing, San Francisco,
California
Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

Mark W. Mahowald, MD
Professor, Department of Neurology, University of
Minnesota Medical School; Director, Minnesota Regional
Sleep Disorders Center, Hennepin County Medical Center,
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Epilepsy, Sleep, and Sleep Disorders; NREM Sleep-Arousal
Parasomnias; REM Sleep Parasomnias; Other Parasomnias;
Violent Parasomnias: Forensic Medicine Issues

Beth A. Malow, MD, MS
Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine; Medical Director,
Vanderbilt Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Nashville,
Tennessee
Approach to the Patient with Disordered Sleep; Neurologic
Monitoring Techniques

Wallace B. Mendelson, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Clinical Pharmacology,
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Hypnotic Medications: Mechanisms of Action and Pharmacologic Effects

Jacques Montplaisir, MD, PhD, CRCPc
Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal Faculty
of Medicine and Dentistry; Director, Center for the Study
of Sleep and Biological Rhythms, HÔpital du Sacré-Coeur
de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep;
Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias

John Orem, PhD
Murray Professor of Physiology, Texas Tech University
School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas
Respiratory Physiology: Central Neural Control

Timothy Roehrs, PhD
Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of
Medicine; Director of Research, Sleep Disorders and
Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit,
Michigan
Daytime Sleepiness and Alertness; Pharmacologic Treatment
of Primary Insomnia

Mark H. Sanders, MD
Professor of Medicine and Anesthesiology, Director of
Research, Pulmonary Sleep Disorders Program, Division
of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine,
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh;
Montefiore University Hospital, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania
Medical Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome

Jerome M. Siegel, PhD
Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Chief,
Neurobiology Research, VA Greater Los Angeles
Healthcare System-Sepulveda, North Hills, California
Mammalian Sleep; REM Sleep

Robert Stickgold, PhD
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School;
Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Massachusetts
Introduction to Dreams and Their Pathology; Why We Dream

Fred W. Turek, PhD
Professor, Department of Neurobiology and Physiology,
Northwestern University, and Director, Center for Sleep
and Circadian Biology, Evanston, Illinois
Master Circadian Clock, Master Circadian Rhythm; Physiology of the
Mammalian Circadian System; Molecular Genetic Basis for
Mammalian Circadian Rhythms; Melatonin in the Regulation of Sleep
and Circadian Rhythms; Introduction: Disorders of Chronobiology

Contributors

Peter Achermann, PhD
Senior Research Associate, Institute of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulation

Richard P. Allen, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Brain
Sciences, and Research Associate, Department of
Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Maryland
Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep

Sonia Ancoli-Israel, PhD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San
Diego, School of Medicine; Director, Sleep Disorders
Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs San
Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California
Sleep and Fatigue in Cancer Patients; Actigraphy

Josephine Arendt, BSc, PhD, FRCPath
Professor of Endocrinology (Emeritus), University of
Surrey School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences;
Centre for Chronobiology, Neuroendocrinology Section,
Guildford, United Kingdom
Sleep Disruption in Jet Lag and Other Circadian
Rhythm-Related Disorders

Roseanne Armitage, BSc, MA, PhD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical
School; Director, Sleep and Chronophysiology Laboratory,
Ann Arbor, Michigan
The Menstrual Cycle and Circadian Rhythms

Charles W. Atwood, Jr., MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine; Director, Sleep Disorders Program,
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System; Associate Director,
UPMC Sleep Medicine Center, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania
Medical Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome

Fiona C. Baker, PhD
Post-Doctoral Researcher, Department of Psychology,
University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California; Brain Function Research Unit, School of
Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
The Menstrual Cycle and Circadian Rhythms

Claudio Bassetti, MD
Professor of Neurology, University of Zurich School of
Medicine; Vice-Chairman, Department of Neurology,
University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Idiopathic Hypersomnia; Sleep and Stroke

Ali Bassiri, MD
Clinical Instructor, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
California; Sleep and Pulmonary Medicine Consultant,
Stanford University Medical Center, San Jose,
California
Clinical Features and Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea
Syndrome and the Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome

Maurice D. Baynard, MS
Predoctoral Fellow in Sleep and Chronobiology,
Department of Psychiatry, Unit for Experimental
Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chronic Sleep Deprivation

Brock A. Beamer, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Geriatric
Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine; Medical Staff, Johns Hopkins Bayview
Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Dysfunction

Kathleen L. Benson, PhD (retired)
Barnstable, Massachusetts;
Formerly, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California;
Director, Sleep Disorders Program,
Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System,
Palo Alto, California
Schizophrenia

Donald L. Bliwise, PhD
Professor of Neurology, Emory University School of
Medicine; Director, Program in Sleep, Aging and
Chronobiology, Wesley Woods Geriatric Hospital,
Atlanta, Georgia
Normal Aging

Bradley F. Boeve, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Mayo College of
Medicine; Consultant, Department of Neurology and
Mayo Sleep Disorders Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota
Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias

Michael H. Bonnet, PhD
Professor, Department of Neurology, Wright State
University School of Medicine; Director, Sleep Laboratory,
Dayton Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Dayton, Ohio
Acute Sleep Deprivation

Alexander A. Borbély, MD
Professor of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulation

Orfeu M. Buxton, PhD
Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate
Neuroscientist, Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep-Wake Regulation

Christian Cajochen, PhD
Professor (SNF), University of Basel Faculty of Medicine;
Psychiatric University Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
Melatonin in the Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Mary A. Carskadon, PhD
Professor, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University
Medical School; Director of Sleep and Chronobiology
Research, Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory,
Providence, Rhode Island
Normal Human Sleep: An Overview; Daytime Sleepiness
and Alertness; Monitoring and Staging Human Sleep; Evaluating
Sleepiness

Rosalind Cartwright, PhD
Professor, Rush University Medical College; Affiliated
Scientist, Rush University Medical Center,
Chicago, Illinois
Dreaming as a Mood Regulation System

Michael H. Chase, PhD
Professor Emeritus, Department of Physiology,
University of California at Los Angeles; President/Senior
Researcher, WebSciences International, Los Angeles,
California
Control of Motoneurons during Sleep

Chien Lin Chen, MD
Lecturer, Department of Medicine, Tzu Chi University
School of Medicine; Director, Gastrointestinal Motility
Laboratory, and Attending Physician, Division of
Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tzu Chi General
Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
Gastrointestinal Monitoring Techniques

Ronald D. Chervin, MD, MS
Associate Professor, Department of Neurology,
University of Michigan Medical School; Director, Sleep
Disorders Center, University Hospital, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
Use of Clinical Tools and Tests in Sleep Medicine

Camellia P. Clark, MD
Assistant Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry, University of
California, San Diego, School of Medicine La Jolla,
California; Associate Physician, Veterans Medical Research
Foundation, San Diego, California
Medication and Substance Abuse

Michel A. Cramer Bornemann, MD
Staff Physician, Department of Neurology, Department of
Pulmonary & Critical Medicine, Minnesota Regional
Sleep Disorders Center, Hennepin County Medical Center,
Minneapolis, Minnesota; Clinical Scholar Instructor,
Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota School
of Medicine
NREM Sleep-Arousal Parasomnias

Antonio Culebras, MD
Professor, Department of Neurology, Upstate Medical
University, State University of New York at Syracuse;
Consultant, The Sleep Center, Community General
Hospital, Syracuse, New York
Other Neurological Disorders

Charles Andrew Czeisler, PhD, MD
Frank Baldino Jr., PhD, Professor of Sleep Medicine,
Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Sleep
Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep-Wake
Regulation; Melatonin in the Regulation of Sleep and
Circadian Rhythms

O'Neill F. D'Cruz, MD
Professor, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of
Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Cardinal Manifestations of Sleep Disorders

Derk-Jan Dijk, PhD
Reader in Physiology, University of Surrey Faculty of
Medicine; Director, Surrey Sleep Research Centre,
Guildford, United Kingdom
Interaction of Sleep Homeostasis and Circadian Rhythmicity:
Dependent or Independent Systems?

Michael H. Bonnet, PhD
Professor, Department of Neurology,
University School of Medicine; Director,
Dayton Department of Veterans Affairs
Dayton, Ohio
Acute Sleep Deprivation

Alexander A. Borbély, MD
Professor of Pharmacology, Institute
Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulation

Orfeu M. Buxton, PhD
Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical
Neuroscientist, Division of Sleep Medicine,
of Medicine, Brigham and Women's
Massachusetts
The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep-

Daniel J. Buysse, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of
School of Medicine; Director, Clinical
Research Center, and Medical Director,
Chronobiology Program, UPMC Presbyterian/
Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania
Clinical Pharmacology of Other Drugs Used as

Christian Cajochen, PhD
Professor (SNF), University of Basel
Psychiatric University Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
Melatonin in the Regulation of Sleep and Circadian

Mary A. Carskadon, PhD
Professor, Psychiatry and Human Behavior,
Medical School; Director of Sleep and
Research, Bradley Hospital Sleep Research
Providence, Rhode Island
Normal Human Sleep: An Overview; Daytime
and Alertness; Monitoring and Staging Human
Sleepiness

Rosalind Cartwright, PhD
Professor, Rush University Medical College;
Scientist, Rush University Medical Center,
Chicago, Illinois
Dreaming as a Mood Regulation System

Michael H. Chase, PhD
Professor Emeritus, Department of Physiology,
University of California at Los Angeles;
Researcher, WebSciences International,
California
Control of Motoneurons during Sleep

Chien Lin Chen, MD
Lecturer, Department of Medicine, Tzu
School of Medicine; Director, Gastrointestinal
Laboratory, and Attending Physician,
Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tzu
Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
Gastrointestinal Monitoring Techniques

David F. Dinges, PhD
Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Chief,
Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of
Psychiatry, and Associate Director, Center for Sleep and
Respiratory Neurobiology, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
Chronic Sleep Deprivation; Circadian Rhythms in Sleepiness,
Alertness, and Performance; Sleep Medicine, Public Policy,
and Public Health

G. William Domhoff, PhD
Research Professor in Psychology, Department of
Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz,
California
The Content of Dreams: Methodologic and Theoretical
Implications

Neil J. Douglas, MD, DSc, FRCP, FRCPE
Professor of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine,
University of Edinburgh; Respiratory Medicine,
Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Respiratory Physiology: Control of Ventilation; Asthma and Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Sean P. A. Drummond, PhD
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of California,
San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla; VA San Diego
Healthcare System, San Diego, California
Medication and Substance Abuse

Christine Dugovic, PhD
Research Associate Professor, Northwestern University;
Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Evanston, Illinois
Master Circadian Clock, Master Circadian Rhythm

Jack D. Edinger, PhD
Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine;
Senior Psychologist, VA Medical Center, Durham,
North Carolina
Overview of Insomnia: Definitions, Epidemiology, Differential
Diagnosis, and Assessment

Luigi Ferini-Strambi, MD
Associate Professor of Psychology,
University Vita-Salute San
Raffaele; Director, Sleep Disorders Center,
Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Institute,
Milan, Italy
Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep

Kathleen A. Ferguson, BSc, MD, FRCP
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Western
Ontario Faculty of Medicine; London Health Sciences
Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
Oral Appliances for Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Paul Franken, PhD
Senior Research Scientist, Department of Biological
Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
Interaction of Sleep Homeostasis and Circadian Rhythmicity:
Dependent or Independent Systems?

Karl A. Franklin, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Public Health and
Clinical Medicine, UmeÃ¥ University Faculty of Medicine;
Consultant Physician, Department of Respiratory
Medicine, University Hospital, UmeÃ¥, Sweden
Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Carlo Franzini, MD
Professor of Human Physiology, Dipartimento di
Fisiologia Umana e Generale, University of Bologna
Faculty of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
Cardiovascular Physiology: The Peripheral Circulation

Scott Fromherz, MD
Fellow in Sleep Medicine, Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic,
Stanford, California
Narcolepsy: Diagnosis and Management

Paul B. Glovinsky, PhD
Adjunct Professor, Doctoral Program in Experimental
Cognition, City University of New York, New York, NY;
Clinical Director, Capital Region Sleep/Wake Disorders
Center, Albany, New York
Assessment Techniques for Insomnia

Joshua J. Gooley, BA
Program in Neuroscience, Division of Sleep Medicine,
Harvard Medical School; Department of Neurology, Beth
Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Anatomy of the Mammalian Circadian System

Ronald Grunstein, MB, BS, MD, PhD, FRACP
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of
Sydney Faculty of Medicine; Head, Sleep Research Group,
Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; Head, Centre for
Respiratory Failure and Sleep Disorders, Royal Prince
Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment for Obstructive Sleep
Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome; Endocrine Disorders

Christian Guilleminault, MD, BiolD
Professor, Sleep Medicine Program, Stanford University
School of Medicine; Stanford University Sleep Disorders
Clinic, Stanford, California
Narcolepsy: Diagnosis and Management; Idiopathic Hypersomnia;
Neuromuscular Disease; Clinical Features and Evaluation of
Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and the Upper Airway
Resistance Syndrome; Surgical Management of Sleep-Disordered
Breathing

Ronald M. Harper, PhD
Professor of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology,
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles,
California
Cardiovascular Physiology: Central and Autonomic Regulation

Jan Hedner, MD, PhD
Professor of Sleep Medicine, Sahlgrenska University
Faculty of Medicine; Pulmonary Medicine, Sahlgrenska
University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

H. Craig Heller, PhD
Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford
University, Stanford, California
Temperature, Thermoregulation, and Sleep

John H. Herman, PhD
Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; Director, Sleep
Disorders Center for Children, Children's Medical Center
at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
Chronobiologic Monitoring Techniques

J. Allan Hobson, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston;
Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston,
Massachusetts
Cardiovascular Physiology: Central and Autonomic Regulation

Victor Hoffstein, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of
Medicine; Staff Respirologist, St. Michael's Hospital,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Snoring and Upper Airway Resistance

Christer Hublin, MD, PhD
Associate Professor (Docent), Department of Neurology,
University of Helsinki School of Medicine; Senior
Researcher, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health,
Helsinki, Finland
Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders

Barbara E. Jones, PhD
Professor, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery,
McGill University Faculty of Medicine; Montreal
Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Basic Mechanisms of Sleep-Wake States

Mark E. Josephson, MD
Herman C. Dana Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical
School; Chief, Cardiovascular Division, and Director,
Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute and
Arrhythmia Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Cardiac Arrythmogenesis during Sleep: Mechanisms,
Diagnosis, and Therapy

Takafumi Kato, DDS, PhD
Assistant Professor, Institute for Oral Science, Division of
Maxillofacial Biology, Matsumoto Dental University,
Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
Sleep Bruxism

Sat Bir Singh Khalsa, PhD
Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate
Neuroscientist, Sleep Disorders Program, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep-Wake Regulation

Jean Krieger, MD, PhD
Professor, University Louis Pasteur Faculty of Medicine;
Department Head, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles
du Système Nerveux et de Pathologie du Sommeil,
Clinique Neurologique, University of Strasburg Hospitals,
Strasburg, France
Respiratory Physiology: Breathing in Normal Subjects

James M. Krueger, PhD
Professor, Department of Veterinary and Comparative
Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State
University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman,
Washington
Host Defense

Leszek Kubin, PhD
Research Professor of Physiology, Department of Animal
Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary
Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Respiratory Physiology: Central Neural Control

Samuel T. Kuna, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania; Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep
Section, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Anatomy and Physiology of Upper Airway Obstruction

Aaron D. Laposky, PhD
Research Assistant Professor, Department of
Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University;
Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Evanston,
Illinois
Master Circadian Clock, Master Circadian Rhythm

Gilles J. Lavigne, DMD, MSc, PhD, FRCD
Professor, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine and
Dentistry; Researcher and Clinician, HÔpital du
Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
Sleep Bruxism; Pain and Sleep

Patrick Leger, MD
Fédération des Pathologies du Sommeil et Institut de
Myologie, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
Noninvasive Ventilation for Chronic Respiratory Failure

Kenneth L. Lichstein, PhD
Professor and Chair, Department of Psychology,
University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Secondary Insomnias

Alan A. Lowe, DMD, PhD, FRCD(C), FCDS(BC)
Professor and Chair, Division of Orthodontics, University
of British Columbia Faculty of Dentistry, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
Oral Appliances for Sleep-Disordered Breathing

James G. MacFarlane, BSc, PhD
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of Toronto
Faculty of Medicine; Lab Director, Centre for Sleep and
Chronobiology, Toronto, Ontario Canada
Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes

Jeannine A. Majde, PhD
Adjunct Professor, Department of Veterinary and
Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology,
Washington State University College of Veterinary
Medicine, Pullman, Washington
Host Defense

Christiane Manzini
Research Assistant, University of Montreal Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry; Center for the Study of Sleep
and Biological Rhythms, HÔpital du Sacré-Coeur de
Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Sleep Bruxism

Christina S. McCrae, PhD
Assistant Professor, Center for Gerontological
Studies/Department of Psychology, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida
Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Secondary Insomnias

Dennis McGinty, PhD
Adjunct Professor, Department of Psychology,
UCLA, Los Angeles; Chief of Neurophysiology Research,
Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare
System, Los Angeles, California
Sleep-Promoting Mechanisms in Mammals

Diana McMillan, RN, PhD
Assistant Professor, University of Manitoba Faculty of
Nursing, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Pain and Sleep

Melanie K. Means, PhD
Staff Psychologist,VA Medical Center, Research Associate,
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University Medical Center, Durham,
North Carolina
Overview of Insomnia: Definitions, Epidemiology, Differential
Diagnosis, and Assessment

Thomas A. Mellman, MD
Professor and Vice Chair for Research, Department of
Psychiatry, Howard University, Washington, DC
Dreams and Nightmares in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder;
Anxiety Disorders

Emmanuel Mignot, MD, PhD
Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Stanford University School of Medicine; Investigator,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Director, Stanford
Center for Narcolepsy, Palo Alto, California
Wake-Promoting Medications: Basic Mechanisms and
Pharmacology; Narcolepsy: Pharmacology, Pathophysiology,
and Genetics

Ralph Mistlberger, PhD
Professor, Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser
University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Circadian Rhythms in Mammals: Formal Properties and
Environmental Influences

Merrill M. Mitler, MA, PhD
Program Director, National Institute of Neurological
Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland
Wake-Promoting Medications: Efficacy and Adverse Effects;
Evaluating Sleepiness

Murray A. Mittleman, MD, DrPH
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School;
Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Harvard School of
Public Health, Harvard University; Director,
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Sleep-Related Cardiac Risk

Karen E. Moe, PhD
Research Associate Professor, Departmernt of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School
of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
Menopause

Harvey Moldofsky, MD, Dipl Psych, FRCP(C)
Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Faculty of
Medicine; President and Medical Director, Sleep Disorders
Clinic, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes

Timothy H. Monk, PhD, DSc
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine; Director, Human Chronobiology Research
Program, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Shift Work: Basic Principles

Polly Moore, PhD, RPsgT
Visiting Instructor, Psychology Department, University of
San Diego; Research Associate, Scripps Clinic Sleep
Center, La Jolla, California
Medication and Substance Abuse

Francisco R. Morales, MD
Chairman, Department of Physiology, University of
Montevideo Faculty of Medicine, Montevideo, Uruguay;
Researcher, Websciences International, Los Angeles,
California
Control of Motoneurons during Sleep

Charles M. Morin, PhD
Professor of Psychology, Laval University School of
Psychology; Centre d'Etude des Troubles du Sommeil,
Centre de Recherche Université Laval/Robert-Giffard,
Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Primary Insomnia

Douglas E. Moul, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Department of
Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine;
Sleep and Chronobiology Center, Western Psychiatric
Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Clinical Pharmacology of Other Drugs Used as Hypnotics

Sidney D. Nau, PhD
Research Scientist, Sleep Research Project,
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama,
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Secondary Insomnias

Tore A. Nielsen, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University
of Montreal Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry;
Research Professor, Sleep Study Center, HÔpital du
Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Chronobiology of Dreaming; Nightmares and Other Common Dream
Disturbances; Disturbed Dreaming in Medical Conditions

Seiji Nishino, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of
Medicine, and Associate Director, Center for Narcolepsy,
Stanford, California
Wake-Promoting Medications: Basic Mechanisms and Pharmacology

Mary B. O'Malley, MD, PhD
Clinical Instructor, Department of Psychiatry, New York
University School of Medicine, New York, New York;
Program Director, Sleep Medicine Fellowship,
Sleep Disorders Center, Norwalk Hospital, Norwalk,
Connecticut
Wake-Promoting Medications: Efficacy and Adverse Effects

William C. Orr, PhD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Oklahoma University
School of Medicine; President and CEO, Lynn Health
Science Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Gastrointestinal Physiology; Gastrointestinal Disorders; Gastrointestinal
Monitoring Techniques

Edward F. Pace-Schott, MS, MA, LMHC
Instructor, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical
School; Center for Sleep and Cognition, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
The Neurobiology of Dreaming

Pier Luigi Parmeggiani, MD
Emeritus Professor of Physiology, Department of Human
and General Physiology, University of Bologna Faculty of
Medicine, Bologna, Italy
Physiologic Regulation in Sleep

Barbara L. Parry, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San
Diego, School of Medicine; Director, Women's Mood
Disorders Clinic, La Jolla, California
The Menstrual Cycle and Circadian Rhythms

Markku Partinen, MD, PhD
Associate Professor (Docent), Department of Neurology,
University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine; Chief
Physician and Director, Skogby Sleep Clinic, Rinnekoti
Research Center, Espoo, Finland
Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders

Yüksel Peker, MD, PhD
Consultant Internist and Pulmonologist, Sleep Unit,
Department of Internal Medicine, Skaraborg County
Hospital, Lidköping, Sweden
Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Rafael Pelayo, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of
Medicine; Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic, Stanford,
California
Idiopathic Hypersomnia

Michael L. Perlis, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University
of Rochester; Faculty, Neurosciences Program; Director,
Sleep and Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, and
Director, University of Rochester Behavioral Sleep
Medicine Service, Rochester, New York
Etiology and Pathophysiology of Insomnia

Dominique Petit, PhD
Research Assistant, Department of Psychiatry, University
of Montreal Faculty of Medicine; Senior Research
Assistant, Center for the Study of Sleep and Biological
Rhythms, HÔpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal,
Quebec, Canada
Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias

Barbara Phillips, MD, MSPH
Professor of Medicine, University of Kentucky College of
Medicine; University of Kentucky Hospital, Samaritan
Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome:
Overview

Wilfred R. Pigeon, PhD
Senior Instructor, Department of Psychiatry, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Research
Fellow, University of Rochester Sleep Research and
Neurophysiology Laboratory, Rochester, New York
Dreams and Nightmares in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Etiology and
Pathophysiology of Insomnia

Lawrence H. Pinto, PhD
Professor of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology
and Physiology, and Associate Director, Center for
Functional Genomics, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Illinois
Molecular Genetic Basis for Mammalian Circadian Rhythms

Nelson B. Powell, DDS, MD
Adjunct Clinical Professor of Surgery, Department of
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Adjunct
Clinical Professor of Sleep Disorders Medicine,
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford
University Sleep and Research Center, Stanford,
California
Surgical Management of Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Naresh M. Punjabi, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine; Medical Staff,
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns
Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins
Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Dysfunction

Allan Rechtschaffen, PhD
Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychiatry and
Department of Psychology, University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois
Monitoring and Staging Human Sleep

Susan Redline, MD, MPH
Professor of Pediatrics, Medicine, Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of
Medicine; Chief, Division of Clinical Epidemiology,
Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland,
Ohio
Genetics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Kathryn J. Reid, PhD
Research Assistant Professor, Center for Sleep and
Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois
Circadian Disorders of the Sleep-Wake Cycle

John E. Remmers, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and of Physiology and
Biophysics, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine;
Physician, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
Anatomy and Physiology of Upper Airway Obstruction

Robert W. Riley, DDS, MD
Adjunct Clinical Professor of Surgery, Department of
Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, and Adjunct
Clinical Associate Professor of Sleep Disorders Medicine,
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science,
Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford
University Sleep and Research Center, Stanford,
California
Surgical Management of Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Dominique Robert, MD
Professor of Medicine, University Claude Bernard Faculty
of Medicine; Chief, Department of Emergency and
Intensive Care Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon,
Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
Noninvasive Ventilation for Chronic Respiratory Failure

Naomi L. Rogers, PhD
Senior Research Fellow, Woolcock Institute of Medical
Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales,
Australia
Chronic Sleep Deprivation

Mark R. Rosekind, PhD
President and Chief Scientist, Alertness Solutions,
Cupertino, California
Managing Work Schedules: An Alertness and Safety Perspective

Alan M. Rosenwasser, PhD
Professor of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono,
Maine
Physiology of the Mammalian Circadian System

Benjamin Rusak, PhD
University Research Professor and Director of Research,
Department of Psychiatry, and Professor of
Psychology and Pharmacology, Dalhousie University
Faculty of Medicine; Director, Chronobiology
and Sleep Program, Capital District Health Authority,
QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia,
Canada
Circadian Rhythms in Mammals: Formal Properties and
Environmental Influences

Clifford B. Saper, MD, PhD
James Jackson Putnam Professor of Neurology and
Neurosciences and Chairman, Department of Neurology,
Harvard Medical School; Chairman, Department of
Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston,
Massachusetts
Anatomy of the Mammalian Circadian System

Frank A. Scheer, PhD
Research Fellow, Division of Sleep Medicine, Department
of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Melatonin in the Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Carlos H. Schenk, MD
Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota
Medical School; Senior Staff Psychiatrist, Minnesota
Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Hennepin County
Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
REM Sleep Parasomnias; Violent Parasomnias: Forensic Medicine
Issues; Sleep and Eating Disorders

Markus H. Schmidt, MD, PhD
Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Neuroscience,
The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public
Health, Columbus; Director of Research, Ohio Sleep
Medicine and Neuroscience Institute, Dublin, Ohio
Neural Mechanisms of Sleep-Related Penile Erections

Richard J. Schwab, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Co-Medical Director,
Penn Sleep Center, Hospital of the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Anatomy and Physiology of Upper Airway Obstruction

Paula K. Schweitzer, PhD
Associate Director, Sleep Medicine and Research Center,
Chesterfield, Missouri
Clinical Pharmacology of Other Drugs Used as Hypnotics;
Drugs That Disturb Sleep and Wakefulness

Margaret N. Shouse, PhD
Professor IV, Department of Neurobiology, UCLA School
of Medicine; Chief, Sleep Disturbance Research, VA
Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles,
California
Epilepsy, Sleep, and Sleep Disorders

Debra J. Skene, BPharm, MSc, PhD
Professor of Neuroendocrinology, University of Surrey
School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Centre for
Chronobiology, Neuroendocrinology Section, Guildford,
United Kingdom
Sleep Disruption in Jet Lag and Other Circadian Rhythm-Related
Disorders

Michael T. Smith, PhD
Assistant Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine; Clinical Psychologist, Behavioral Medicine
Research Laboratory and Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital,
Baltimore, Maryland
Etiology and Pathophysiology of Insomnia

Virend K. Somers, MD, D Phil
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Medical School; Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Cardiovascular Effects of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

Arthur J. Spielman, PhD
Professor, Department of Psychology, The City College
of the City University of New York; Adjunct Clinical
Professor of Psychology in Neuroscience, Weill Medical
College, Cornell University; Associate Director, Center for
Sleep Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Associate
Director, Center for Sleep Disorders Medicine and Research,
New York Methodist Hospital, New York, New York
Assessment Techniques for Insomnia

Murray B. Stein, MD, MPH, FRCPC
Professor of Psychiatry and Director, Anxiety and
Traumatic Stress Disorders Research and Education
Program, University of California, San Diego, School of
Medicine; Chief, Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders
Programs, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla,
California
Anxiety Disorders

Mircea Steriade, MD, DSc
Professor of Neuroscience, Laval University Faculty of
Medicine; Department of Anatomy and Physiology,
Quebec, Canada
Brain Electrical Activity and Sensory Processing during Waking and
Sleep States

Barbara Stone, BSc, PhD
Principal Consultant, QinetiQ Centre for Human
Sciences, Farnborough, United Kingdom
Sleep Disruption in Jet Lag and Other Circadian Rhythm-Related
Disorders

Kristen C. Stone, BA
Clinical Psychology Graduate Student, University of
Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Secondary Insomnias

Patrick J. Strollo, Jr., MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary,
Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine;
Medical Director, UPMC Sleep Medicine Center,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Medical Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome

Ronald Szymusiak, PhD
Adjunct Professor, Department of Medicine, David Geffen
School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Research
Scientist, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System,
Los Angeles, California
Sleep-Promoting Mechanisms in Mammals

Jiuan Su Terman, PhD
Research Scientist, New York State Psychiatric Institute,
New York, New York
Light Therapy

Michael Terman, PhD
Professor of Clinical Psychology in Psychiatry, Columbia
University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Director,
Clinical Chronobiology, New York State Psychiatric
Institute, New York, New York
Light Therapy

Michael J. Thorpy, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx; Director,
Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Montefiore Medical Center,
Scarsdale, New York
Classification of Sleep Disorders

Irene Tobler, PhD
Professor, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Phylogeny of Sleep Regulation; Mammalian Sleep

Claudia Trenkwalder, MD
Professor of Neurology, University of Göttingen School of
Medicine, Göttingen; Medical Director, Paracelsus Elena
Klinik, Special Hospital for Parkinson Disease and
Movement Disorders, Kassel, Germany
Parkinsonism

Eve Van Cauter, PhD
Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago
Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
Endocrine Physiology

Hans P. A. Van Dongen, MS, PhD
Research Associate Professor of Sleep and Chronobiology
in Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of
Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Circadian Rhythms in Sleepiness, Alertness, and Performance

Bradley V. Vaughn, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Department of
Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Cardinal Manifestations of Sleep Disorders

Richard L. Verrier, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School;
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston,
Massachusetts
Cardiovascular Physiology: Central and Autonomic Regulation;
Sleep-Related Cardiac Risk; Cardiac Arrythmogenesis during Sleep:
Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapy

Martha Hotz Vitaterna, PhD
Research Assistant Professor, Center for Functional
Genomics, Northwestern University Center for Functional
Genomics, Evanston, Illinois
Molecular Genetic Basis for Mammalian Circadian Rhythms

James K. Walsh, PhD
Adjunct Professor, Department of Psychology, and Clinical
Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine,
Saint Louis University; Executive Director and Senior
Scientist, Sleep Medicine and Research Center, St. John's
Mercy and St. Luke's Hospitals, Chesterfield, Missouri
Sleep Medicine, Public Policy, and Public Health; Pharmacologic
Treatment of Primary Insomnia

Arthur S. Walters, MD
Professor, Department of Neuroscience, Seton Hall
University School of Graduate Medical Education, South
Orange; Clinical Professor of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert
Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; New
Jersey Neuroscience Institute at JFK Medical Center,
Edison, New Jersey
Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep

J. Catesby Ware, PhD
Professor, Departments of Internal Medicine and
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Chief, Division of
Sleep Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School;
Director, Sleep Disorders Center, Sentara Norfolk General
Hospital, Norfolk; Sentara Bayside Hospital, Virginia
Beach, Virgina
Assessment of Sleep-Related Erections

Terri E. Weaver, PhD, RN, CS, FAAN
Associate Professor, University of Pennsylvania School of
Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Cognition and Performance in Patients with Obstructive
Sleep Apnea

John V. Weil, MD
Professor of Medicine (Cardiology), University of
Colorado School of Medicine; CVP Research Lab,
Denver, Colorado
Respiratory Physiology: Sleep at High Altitudes

David P. White, MD
Gerald E. McGinnis Associate Professor of Medicine,
Harvard Medical School; Director, Sleep Disorders
Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
Central Sleep Apnea

Amy R. Wolfson, PhD
Associate Professor of Psychology, Department of
Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, Worchester,
Massachusetts
Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

Chien-Ming Yang, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, National
Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
Assessment Techniques for Insomnia

Terry Young, MS, PhD
Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Population
Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School
of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Antonio Zadra, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University
of Montreal; Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, HÔpital
Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Nightmares and Other Common Dream Disturbances

Vincent P. Zarcone, Jr., MD
Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Staff,
Sleep Disorders Clinic, Los Altos, California
Schizophrenia

Phyllis C. Zee, MD, PhD
Professor of Neurology and of Neurobiology and
Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Medicine; Director, Sleep Disorders Center, Northwestern
Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
Circadian Disorders of the Sleep-Wake Cycle

Harold Zepelin, PhD
Professor, Clinical Medicine and Psychiatry, Medical
College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio
Mammalian Sleep

Marco Zucconi, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele
University School of Medicine; Vice-Chief, Sleep
Disorders Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and
Hospital, Milan, Italy
Pain and Sleep